Equivalence and Nonequivalence of the Microcanonical and Canonical Ensembles: A Large Deviations Study

نویسندگان

  • Hugo Touchette
  • Shaun Lovejoy
  • Nilima Nigam
چکیده

3 4 SUMMARY This thesis presents an in-depth study of statistical mechanical systems having microcano-nical equilibrium properties, i.e., energy-dependent equilibrium properties, which cannot be put in correspondence with their canonical or temperature-dependent equilibrium properties. A general theory of these systems which focuses both on the thermodynamic and macrostate levels of description of systems is presented along the lines of a number of rigorous results derived recently by Ellis, Haven and Turkington (Journal of Statistical Physics, 2000). Several new results are also presented which relate the appearance of nonequivalent microcanonical and canonical properties with first-order (discontinuous) phase transitions and with nonequilibrium properties of systems. Since the material presented in this thesis dwells on many elements of large deviations theory which are not familiar to physicists, a self-contained introduction to this theory has been included here. The presentation of the theory of nonequivalent microcanonical and canonical properties follows together with explicit computations carried out in the context of two simple spin models: a first original model involving a mixture of completely correlated and completely uncorrelated spins, and another model known as the mean-field Blume-Emery-Griffiths model. 5 RÉSUMÉ Cette thèse présente une étude détaillée des systèmes statistiques possédant, à l'état d'équili-bre, des propriétés physiques calculées en fonction de leur énergie (propriétés dites micro-canoniques) n'ayant aucun équivalent au sein de leurs propriétés calculées en fonction de leur température (propriétés dites canoniques). Une théorie générale de ces systèmes faisant ressortir à la fois la description thermodynamique et la description en macro-états de la mécanique statistique d'équilibre est construite ici suivant un certain nombre de résultats formels obtenus récemment par Ellis, Haven et Turkington (Journal of Statistical Physics, 2000). Plusieurs nouveaux résultats reliant la non-équivalence des propriétés microcanon-iques et canoniques aux transitions de phase de premier ordre (transitions discontinues) et aux propriétés hors d'équilibre des systèmes sont aussi présentés. Comme la théorie présentée ici s'appuie sur un lot de résultats issus de la théorie mathé-matique des grandes déviations qui sont peu connus des physiciens, une introduction som-maire à cette dernière theorie est d'abord présentée. Suit la théorie portant sur la non-équivalence des propriétés microcanoniques et canoniques, puis plusieurs calculs explicites illustrant certains points de cette théorie dans le contexte de deux modèles physiques de spins bien précis: un premier modèle tout à fait original construit à partir d'un mélange de spins complètement corrélés et complètement non-corrélés, et un deuxième modèle connu sous le nom de modèle …

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تاریخ انتشار 2003